banco de sementes onondaga

Arquitetura

data. 2024

localização. Nação Onondaga | Syracuse | NY | USA

ficha técnica

O armazenamento de alimentos é uma tradição milenar entre as Nações Nativas das Américas. Métodos sofisticados de preparação e armazenamento de alimentos e sementes foram desenvolvidos por nações desde o Alasca até ao Cone Sul na América do Sul, como parte de estratégias de vida quotidiana para sustentar comunidades saudáveis ao longo dos anos.

Estas tradições também provaram ser importantes salva-vidas em momentos históricos de crise. Os esconderijos construídos para armazenar milho branco, por exemplo, foram fundamentais para a sobrevivência dos Haudenosaunee após os ataques da expedição Sullivan.

o manual

Este Manual vem na esteira desses exemplos e aspirações, para fornecer às comunidades Braiding the Sacred (e outras), informações e ferramentas que, esperançosamente, ajudarão na construção de espaços de armazenamento subterrâneos. Tal como as suas referências tradicionais, os esconderijos aqui sugeridos são baratos/acessíveis e fáceis de construir
e dependem principalmente de materiais locais e mão-de-obra comunitária.

Link para o Manual AQUI.

Locate your desired building site and research its conditions as described in Chapter 1. How deep is the frost line? Is it well-drained?
Dig a test pit to examine the subsoil. Can you dig manually without reaching dense clay or bedrock?
You can consult a geotechnical specialist for help.

Perform a jar test. Fill a sample of your soil into a mason jar, then fill the jar with water and salt. Shake the Jar and wait for the different layers to settle. Then use a ruler to measure the height of each layer. Refer to the Jar Test description in Chapter 01.

Make 3 samples of earth bricks to test how they perform. A good initial row of samples would be bricks with (1) just soil, (2) adding straw and (3) adding sand and straw. Give it time to dry and observe any shrinkage or cracking.

With site and construction method determined, draw the center of the circle and its radius on the ground.

Start digging approximately 6 ft beyond the external perimeter of the proposed building (R1) with an angle from top to bottom of not more than 45º. This may vary depending on the total depth of the pit and the composition of the soil.

As you start digging, you can use the excavated subsoil to start making earth bricks.
A good parameter for a brick size is 6”x10”x4”.
The forms used to make the bricks can be in wood or metal and also vary in size. Large forms can hold more bricks and it will be faster, but they tend to be heavy and hard to handle.

At the bottom of the hole you will need a flat surface the size of your internal storage area (R1). Beyond this radius, dig another 3’ in width, providing space to accommodate the wall and for you to move around. This extra space should be around 18” deep (H) to accommodate the foundation.

Fill the bottom with gravel so you have a flat, well-drained land on which to build. You could also build a concrete foundation where the walls will rise, if recommended for the location, consult a structural engineer for details.

A construction grade polyethylene plastic sheeting can be used as waterproofing membrane to avoid humidity from the ground. Just below the floor surface, a geotextile slip and underlayment can be used as secondary protection to prevent seepage and puncture. Between the base of walls and foundation, it’s recommended to use Bitumen. Cactus mixed with lime can achieve the waterproofing qualities.

Mark the center of the proposed external retaining walls and place a fixed pole as a guide for construction.

Lay the bricks in a complete circle moving up with the guide from the center of the building. Your wall should have a thickness of approximately 20 inches. This probably means at least two rows of bricks.

From the fifteenth row, start laying the blocks at an angle to form the dome. Continue to reduce the diameter of the walls in this way, until the opening is just 3 feet wide.

It is necessary to insert a compression ring over the last row of the dome, which can be made of baked bricks, wood or metal. The storage access door will rest on this compression ring.

Apply waterproofing membrane on the exterior part of the wall. This bituminous membrane needs to be torch-applied and self-adhesive, in addition to the self-priming, cement-based adhesive, which acts as a leveling compound and sealing adhesive, resulting in a strong, lasting bond between the wall and the membrane. This bond helps to avoid any lateral water migration and reduce the risk of leakages.

Now you can start filling the outer void with loose gravel. Above this layer, ensure a layer of compacted earth, then backfill with more gravel up to the top soil. In this way we facilitate water drainage.

Clear waterproofing membrane can be applied on the interior of the dome to expose the bricks on the inside, otherwise, 3 coats of clay-based plaster on the interior of the walls is recommended. The first coat should consist of more clay and medium size fiber, the third of less clay and fine fiber for a smooth surface. Lime can also be used in a plaster mix for interior and exterior parts of the building.

Bricks floor should be laid in a sand bed, starting from the perimeter, and finished with clear resin to reduce abrasion and maintenance over time. Another option is to have compacted soil, which can also be treated with resin.

Create a wooden trap door out of construction timber to cover the entrance. To keep it dry, you can cover it with an additional tarp. Off-the-shelf hatch doors could also be used.

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